What determines the duration of inflation? Inflation — the exponential expansion of the early universe — lasted roughly 50–60 e-folds, enough to solve the horizon and flatness problems. But a curious numerical coincidence arises: the number $6\pi^2 \approx 59.22$ falls squarely in this range. Remarkably, this number emerges purely from geometric considerations in de Sitter space. Here we examine the derivation, the underlying assumptions, and the physical and mathematical implications. Inflation — the exponential expansion of the early universe — lasted roughly 50–60 e-folds, enough to solve the horizon and flatness problems. But a curious numerical coincidence arises: the number $6\pi^2 \approx 59.22$ falls squarely in this range. Remarkably, this number emerges purely from geometric considerations in de Sitter space. Here we examine the derivation, the underlying assumptions, and the physical and mathematical implications. 1. The Geometric Setup Consider de Si...
An easy-to-read journey spanning 100+ years of geometric algebra, quantum mechanics and relativity, right up to some of the biggest questions (and solutions) of present-day physics. Many giant shoulders stood upon.