Several independent semiclassical arguments converge on $$\boxed{\Delta A=8\pi l_{\mathrm{Pl}}^2}, \qquad l_{\mathrm{Pl}}^2=\frac{G\hbar}{c^3}$$ I got interested in this reading the 2018 paper Bekenstein, I, and the quantum of black-hole surface area . Even though I disagree with Hod, its a great paper. Honourable mentions also go to: The Physical Interpretation of the Spectrum of Black Hole Quasinormal Modes , 2008 The Off-Shell Black Hole , 1994 On Black Hole Spectroscopy via Adiabatic Invariance , 2012 An Analytical Computation of Asymptotic Schwarzschild Quasinormal Frequencies , 2003 Asymptotic Black Hole Quasinormal Frequencies , 2003 1. Horizon Action Near any nonextremal horizon, imaginary time turns the normal geometry into a plane: $$ds_E^2\simeq d\rho^2+\rho^2d\Theta^2+\cdots.$$ Smoothness requires one horizon cycle: $$\oint d\Theta=2\pi.$$ The gravitational action identifies the momentum conjugate to $\The...
Yes!
Also, it is not the 'Planck Power' (despite what you might have read in Misner, Thorne and Wheeler, P.980). The existence of black hole horizons implies a maximum luminosity (power) limit in General Relativity. Not even gravitational waves can escape a black hole. Consider
an (almost) black hole made of light (this is called a Kugelblitz) sphere
of radius
\begin{equation}
\notag
R \geq \frac{2Gp}{c^3}
\end{equation} which is filled with photons with a total mass-energy of momentum $p$ times speed of light $c$ \begin{equation}
\notag
E=p \ c
\end{equation} the shortest time which the entire sphere can release its energy is its light-crossing time:
\notag
R \geq \frac{2Gp}{c^3}
\end{equation} which is filled with photons with a total mass-energy of momentum $p$ times speed of light $c$ \begin{equation}
\notag
E=p \ c
\end{equation} the shortest time which the entire sphere can release its energy is its light-crossing time:
\begin{equation}
\notag
t=R/c
\end{equation} with average power (luminosity)
\notag
t=R/c
\end{equation} with average power (luminosity)
$$
P = \frac{E}{t} \leq \frac{p \ c^2}{R}$$
P = \frac{E}{t} \leq \frac{p \ c^2}{R}$$
So $$P_{max}=\frac{c^5}{2G}\approx 1.8\times10^{52} \ W$$ This is maximum power in GR, for a compact, casually connected emitter.
i.e. is not already enclosed by a horizon, releases an energy E from a region of radius R, and does so on no less than the regions light-crossing time.
You might be tempted to call this half a 'Planck Power' but there is no $\hslash$ in this expression, it is purely classical. This is why you won't see an equation for 'Planck Power' in wiki
Source: Cardoso (2018)
OK, so what if there is a maximum power limit in GR? Well, for one it means that even in classical GR, a lab-scale Kugelblitz cannot be formed. From this paper, to overcome Schwinger dissipation (which is quantum) to form one with a 1m radius would require a power of around $P_{req}=10^{84}\ W$. This is greater than our derived maximum power!
To get an energy density low enough to avoid triggering the vacuum breakdown (Schwinger effect) to build a Kugelblitz that doesn't blow itself up via quantum effects, you would need to construct a sphere of light larger than our Sun. Getting $P_{max}$ watts of power coherently focused across a region 2 million kilometres wide is...effectively impossible.

Comments
Post a Comment